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Human Cytochrome C ELISA Kit

Product Specifications

Catalogue N°
650.070.096 - 1 x 96 (pre-coated)
650.070.192 - 2 x 96 (pre-coated)
Assay Range
0.16 ng/ml - 5 ng/ml
Sensitivity
0.08 ng/ml
Target species
Human
Specificity
Specific for human Cytochrome C
Incubation
3h10
Sample Type
Whole blood, Cell lysates
Sample Size
150 µl
Kit Content
Diaclone ELISA Kits include pre-coated strip plates, biotinylated secondary antibody, standards, controls (where applicable), buffers, streptavidin-HRP, TMB, stop reagents and a detailed procedure.
Synonym
CYC
Cytochrome C ELISA Kit
Cytochrome C ELISA Kit

BACKGROUND

Apoptotic cell death is a fundamental feature of virtually all cells. It is an indispensable process during normal development, tissue homeostasis, development of nervous system and regulation of the immune system. Insufficient or excessive cell death can contribute to human disease, including cancer or degenerative disorders. The highly coordinated and stereotyped manner of induced cell death suggests that cells activate a common death program, towards which diverse signal – transducing pathways converge.

The mitochondria turned out to participate in the central control or executioner phase of the death cascade. Cytochrome C was identified as a component required for crutial steps in apoptosis, caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Cytochrome C was shown to redistribute from mitochondria to cytosol during apoptosis in intact cells.

Mitochondrial cytochrome C is a water – soluble protein of 15 kDa with a net positive charge, residing loosely attached in mitochondrial intermenbrane space. Cytochrome C functions in respiratory chain by interaction with redox partners. It is highly conserved during evolution. Like most mitochondrial proteins cytochrome C is encoded by a nuclear gene and synthesized as cytoplasmic precursor molecule, apocytochrome c, which becomes selectively imported into the mitochondrial intermembran space. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the translocation of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytosol during apoptosis are unknown.

A reduction in mitochondrial transmembrane potential has been reported to accompany early apoptosis. The release of cytochrome C into cytosol leads to an activation of an apopototic program via activation of a caspase dependent pathway. Cytochrome C achieves this goal by interaction with other cytosolic factors forming a complex (apoptosome) composed of cytochrome C, Apaf-1,dATP and Apaf-3/caspase 9. Bcl-2 on the other hand was shown to be able to prevent apoptosis by blocking the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria.

Measurment of cytochrome C release from mitochondria is tool to detect the first early steps for initiating apoptosis in cells. Cytochrome C release in cytosol occurs prior to the activation of caspases and DNA fragmentation which is considered the hallmark of apoptosis.

Detection of cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm can be achieved by selective lysis of cell membrane.

Very recently it has been shown that the mitochondria dwelling molecule can be detected in medium already 1 h after apoptosis. Moreover, elevated cytochrome C levels were observed in serum from patients with hematological malignancies. In course of cancer chemotherapy, the serum-cytochrome C level grew rapidly and it decreased gradually as the patient was cleared from malignant cells. Thus, serum- cytochrome C monitoring might serve as a clinical marker indicating the onset of apoptisis and cell turn-over in vivo.

Version 4 - 07.19

For research use only

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Formats Available

650.070.096 1 x 96 (pre-coated)
650.070.192 2 x 96 (pre-coated)

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by phone: +33 (0)3 81 41 38 38
or by email: info [at] diaclone [dot] com ( Subject: Diaclone's order, Body: Human Cytochrome C ELISA Kit 650.070.096 - 1 x 96 (pre-coated) 650.070.192 - 2 x 96 (pre-coated) )

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